Pennoyer Systems

Retrieval for authoritative legal text that answers only in verbatim, cited spans.

Air-gapped and quote-locked: every answer is a passage that exists in the corpus, with its provenance attached. There is no free-generation path to hallucinate through.

Machine-graded under preregistered adversarial examination

1.73%fabrication

Texas · 7/404 sealed traps · Wilson 95% [0.8–3.5]

1.00%fabrication

Louisiana · 3/300 sealed traps, exactly flat · [0.3–2.9]

Examination rules preregistered and signed before any result existed.
Corpus-anchored false-premise traps; machine-graded; failures count against the score.
Sealed one-shot holdouts — no re-runs, no tuning against the test.

For context: an independent 2024 Stanford study measured leading commercial legal-AI research tools at 17–33% hallucination on comparable questioning.

Inquiries: luke@pennoyersystems.com